Editing Troubleshooting alternators

[[File:Msd-5111 w.jpg|left]] [[File:Chrm alt.jpg|right|320px]] <br><br> ==Overview== The function of an alternator is to keep the battery(s) in your vehicle charged. In order to troubleshoot the functionality of the alternator you will need some basic electrical tools. A good digital Volt/OHM meter is the bare minimum. When the vehicle is running with a fully charged battery you should read between 13.6 and 14.2 volts at the battery. This is the basic test to see if an alternator is working at all. Before performing the above test make sure the alternator drive belt is tight. If the voltage is within spec the next this to test is to see how much current it is capable of delivering. Most alternators will have the rated current capacity stamped on the case somewhere. If you have the time for the read, here is an excellent source of information that describes the alternator and the wiring setup that is available in most vehicles and hot rods built today. LINK to : [[Media:http://www.pirate4x4.com/tech/billavista/Wiring/Part2/]] ==Testing== {{warning|Never disconnect a battery cable while the engine is running to "test" the alternator. Doing so can cause high voltage spikes that can damage the alternator as well as other electronics.}} To test current you will need a high power amp meter capable of 100 amps DC. Most home mechanics will not have this in their tool box. You will need to either take it to a shop that can test it on the car, or pull it and take it to one of the auto parts stores that has a machine to test it. If it tests good off the car but does not work on the car it is time to check the wiring to the alternator. Alternators all work basically the same. Usually there is a wire to excite the alternator into working and a sense wire to tell the alternator what the voltage is currently in the system. To properly troubleshoot this you will need a wiring diagram for the vehicle that pertains to the alternator wiring. Most times these can be found on line for the common alternators. If you find that the voltage is not within spec, usually this will show up as 12 volts or less at the battery, you can purchase a rebuild kit for around $20 to $25 that has most of the common failure parts included. Most are fairly easy to rebuild and at a fraction of the price to purchase a new or rebuilt. ==Wiring== [[File:Wire gaguecompro.jpg|frame|left|Relative cable sizes]] <br style="clear:both"/> ===Charging wire size=== The charging wire is the wire from the back of the alternator to the battery, not the positive battery cable from the battery to the starter or solenoid. This wire cannot be too large (within reason), but it CAN be too small.<br> {{Note1}}Use the wire gauge recommendations here as a minimum. <table valign="MIDDLE" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"><tr> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" colspan="9"> <div align="center"><span style="font-size:medium; font-family:&quot;Arial&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="3"><b>Recommended Charging Cable Gauge Size</b></font></span> </div></td></tr> <tr><td bgcolor="#CCCCFF" align="center" width="88"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:5">Amps</span></b></font></td> <td tr bgcolor="#FFF8DC" width="74"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="medium"><b></= 4 ft.</b></font></td> <td tr bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="60"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="medium"><b>4-7 ft.</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="70"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>7-10 ft.</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="80"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>10-13 ft.</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="80"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>13-16 ft.</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="80"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>16-19 ft.</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="80"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>19-22 ft.</b></font></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" valign="middle" width="80"> <font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b>22-28 ft.</b></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt">35-50</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''12'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''12'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''10'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''10'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''10'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">50-65</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''10'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">6</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span> </font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">65-85</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''10'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">85-105</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''8'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span> </font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">105-125</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">125-150</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''6'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span> </font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">150-175</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" align="center" width="68"> <p><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif" size="2"><b><span style="font-size:10pt">175-200</span></b></font></p> </td> <td width="64"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="60"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''4'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="59"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''2'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="66"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span></font></p> </td> <td width="68"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''0'''</span> </font></p> </td> <td width="80"> <p style="text-align:center" align="center"><font face="Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif " size="2"><span style="font-size:8.5pt">'''00'''</span></font></p> </td></tr></table><br> ==Pulley ratio== The pulley ratio is the diameter of the crankshaft pulley divided by the diameter of the alternator pulley. *a 6" crankshaft pulley and a 2" alternator pulley equals a pulley ratio of '''3:1''' *Multiply the pulley ratio by the engine RPM to get the alternator RPM. ;For example, 3:1 ratio and an idle speed of 900 RPM gives an alternator speed of (3 x 900) 2700 RPM The general rule of thumb is the alternator ratio should be about 3:1 for the best all around performance. However, in cases where the engine will see high RPM, the alternator (as well as other belt/engine driven accessories) might need to be driven at a reduced ratio by using a larger diameter accessory pulley (or a smaller diameter crankshaft pulley) to lower the peak RPM. This ratio reduction needs to be balanced between low and high engine rpm operation if the vehicle will be used on the street. [[File:Deep groove alt pulley.jpg|border|right]] If using a V-belt to drive the alternator, the belt depth can be increased to help prevent the belt from being thrown off at high RPM. One such pulley combines a larger diameter with a deeper groove (right). <br style="clear:both"/> ===Pulley ratio chart=== <table valign="MIDDLE" align="center" border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" ><tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#CCCCFF" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" rowspan="2" height="66" width="71"><strong><span style="font-size:medium;">Alternator Pulley Diameter</span></strong></td> <td bgcolor="#FFF8DC" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" colspan="11"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong><span style="font-size:medium;">'''Crankshaft Pulley Diameter'''</span></strong></span></td> </tr> <tr bgcolor="#eeeeee" height="33"> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size:medium;">5.0"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size:medium;">5.25"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">5.5"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">5.75"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">6.0"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">6.25"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">6.5"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">6.75"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">7.0"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">7.5"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">8.0"</span></strong></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">1.9"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.63</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.76</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.89</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.03</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.16</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.29</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.42</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.55</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.68</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.95</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">4.21</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">2.0"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.63</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.75</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.88</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.13</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.25</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.38</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.75</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">4.00</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">2.2"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.27</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.39</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.61</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.73</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.84</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.95</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.07</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.18</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.41</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.64</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">2.4"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.08</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.19</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.29</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.40</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.60</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.71</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.81</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.92</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.13</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.33</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">2.5"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.10</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.20</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.30</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.40</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.60</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.70</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.80</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">3.20</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">2.75"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.82</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.91</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.09</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.18</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.27</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.36</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.45</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.55</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.73</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.91</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">3.0"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.67</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.75</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.83</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.92</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.08</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.17</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.25</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.33</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.67</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">3.25"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.54</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.62</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.69</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.77</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.85</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.92</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.08</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.15</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.31</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.46</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">3.5"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.43</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.57</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.64</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.71</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.79</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.86</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.93</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.00</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.14</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.29</span></td> </tr> <tr height="33"> <td bgcolor="#eeeeee" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" height="33"><strong><span style="font-size:medium;">4.0"</span></strong></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.25</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.31</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.38</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.44</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.50</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.56</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.63</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.69</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.75</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">1.88</span></td> <td style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span style="font-size: small;">2.00</span></td> </tr></table><br> ==Resources== *[http://www.madelectrical.com Mad Electrical], a good source of information on the topic of alternators and automotive electrical systems. *[http://randysrepairshop.net/interpreting-the-test-results-gm-si-ac-generator-with-built-in-voltage-regulator.html Interpreting test results] *[http://oljeep.com/AltTheory17/AlternatorTheoryVersion17R1.htm Alternator testing and theory] <br><br> {{develop}} [[Category:Undeveloped Troubleshooting articles]] [[Category:Electrical]] [[Category:Troubleshooting]] [[Category:Undeveloped articles]] [[Category:Undeveloped Electrical articles]]

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