Fastener tech

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Line 32: Line 32:
 
|[[File:Otc-7402 wOD chaser.jpg|thumb|350px|External thread chaser. Costly tool but worth it if there's no access to a wire wheel.]]
 
|[[File:Otc-7402 wOD chaser.jpg|thumb|350px|External thread chaser. Costly tool but worth it if there's no access to a wire wheel.]]
 
|[[File:KRC-8221od cheap.jpg|thumb|235px|right|Less costly set of external thread cleaners]]
 
|[[File:KRC-8221od cheap.jpg|thumb|235px|right|Less costly set of external thread cleaners]]
−
|[[File:Arp-911-0006chaser.jpg|thumb|250px|ARP thread chaser set. Look like taps, but these do not remove any metal like a tap would.]]
+
|[[File:Arp-911-0006chaser.jpg|thumb|255px|ARP thread chaser set. Look like taps, but these do not remove any metal like a tap would.]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
Line 42: Line 42:
 
*When threading a blind hole, the best way to clean out the chips is to use a ball inflater needle in a blow gun. You can make an adapter using a 1/8-NPT  fitting (which is a close thread to a blow gun nozzle) to adapt the inflater to it.
 
*When threading a blind hole, the best way to clean out the chips is to use a ball inflater needle in a blow gun. You can make an adapter using a 1/8-NPT  fitting (which is a close thread to a blow gun nozzle) to adapt the inflater to it.
 
*To keep chips from falling into an engine when rethreading a spark plug hole, put axle/bearing grease on the tap. This will collect most if not all the metal chips from falling into the engine.
 
*To keep chips from falling into an engine when rethreading a spark plug hole, put axle/bearing grease on the tap. This will collect most if not all the metal chips from falling into the engine.
−
*This  [http://www.mphindy.com/tech/tap.htm Tap drill sizes] shows the twist drill size to use for the thread you are going to cut.
 
  
−
To properly torque a bolt/nut the following must be done;
+
===Tap drill size===
 +
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="640"><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%">
  
 +
 +
  <tr align="center" bgcolor="ccccbb">
 +
    <td colspan="5"  valign="bottom"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
 +
    <td colspan="4"  valign="bottom"><b>Clearance Hole Drills</b></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
 +
  <tr align="center" bgcolor="cccc99">
 +
    <td colspan="2"  valign="bottom"><b>Size of Screw</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>&nbsp;</b></td>
 +
    <td colspan="2"  valign="bottom"><b>Tap Drill</b></td>
 +
   
 +
    <td colspan="2"  valign="bottom"><b>Close Fit</b></td>
 +
    <td colspan="2"  valign="bottom"><b>Free Fit</b></td>
 +
 +
  </tr><tr align="center" bgcolor="cccc66">
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>No. or Dia.</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Decimal (inch)</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Threads Per Inch</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Drill Size</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Decimal (inch)</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Drill Size</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Decimal (inch)</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Drill Size</b></td>
 +
    <td  valign="bottom"><b>Decimal (inch)</b></td>
 +
  </tr>
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#0</td>
 +
      <td >0.06</td>
 +
      <td >80</td>
 +
      <td >3/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.0469</td>
 +
      <td >52</td>
 +
      <td >0.0635</td>
 +
      <td >50</td>
 +
      <td >0.07</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#1</td>
 +
      <td >0.073</td>
 +
      <td >64</td>
 +
      <td >53</td>
 +
      <td >0.0595</td>
 +
      <td >48</td>
 +
      <td >0.076</td>
 +
      <td >46</td>
 +
      <td >0.081</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#1</td>
 +
      <td >0.073</td>
 +
      <td >72</td>
 +
      <td >53</td>
 +
      <td >0.0595</td>
 +
      <td >48</td>
 +
      <td >0.076</td>
 +
      <td >46</td>
 +
      <td >0.081</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#2</td>
 +
      <td >0.086</td>
 +
      <td >56</td>
 +
      <td >50</td>
 +
      <td >0.07</td>
 +
      <td >43</td>
 +
      <td >0.089</td>
 +
      <td >41</td>
 +
      <td >0.096</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#2</td>
 +
      <td >0.086</td>
 +
      <td >64</td>
 +
      <td >50</td>
 +
      <td >0.07</td>
 +
      <td >43</td>
 +
      <td >0.089</td>
 +
      <td >41</td>
 +
      <td >0.096</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#3</td>
 +
      <td >0.099</td>
 +
      <td >48</td>
 +
      <td >47</td>
 +
      <td >0.0785</td>
 +
      <td >37</td>
 +
      <td >0.104</td>
 +
      <td >35</td>
 +
      <td >0.11</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#3</td>
 +
      <td >0.099</td>
 +
      <td >56</td>
 +
      <td >45</td>
 +
      <td >0.082</td>
 +
      <td >37</td>
 +
      <td >0.104</td>
 +
      <td >35</td>
 +
      <td >0.11</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#4</td>
 +
      <td >0.112</td>
 +
      <td >36</td>
 +
      <td >44</td>
 +
      <td >0.086</td>
 +
      <td >32</td>
 +
      <td >0.116</td>
 +
      <td >30</td>
 +
      <td >0.1285</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#4</td>
 +
      <td >0.112</td>
 +
      <td >40</td>
 +
      <td >43</td>
 +
      <td >0.089</td>
 +
      <td >32</td>
 +
      <td >0.116</td>
 +
      <td >30</td>
 +
      <td >0.1285</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#4</td>
 +
      <td >0.112</td>
 +
      <td >48</td>
 +
      <td >42</td>
 +
      <td >0.0935</td>
 +
      <td >32</td>
 +
      <td >0.116</td>
 +
      <td >30</td>
 +
      <td >0.1285</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#5</td>
 +
      <td >0.125</td>
 +
      <td >40</td>
 +
      <td >38</td>
 +
      <td >0.1015</td>
 +
      <td >30</td>
 +
      <td >0.1285</td>
 +
      <td >29</td>
 +
      <td >0.136</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#5</td>
 +
      <td >0.125</td>
 +
      <td >44</td>
 +
      <td >37</td>
 +
      <td >0.104</td>
 +
      <td >30</td>
 +
      <td >0.1285</td>
 +
      <td >29</td>
 +
      <td >0.136</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#6</td>
 +
      <td >0.138</td>
 +
      <td >32</td>
 +
      <td >36</td>
 +
      <td >0.1065</td>
 +
      <td >27</td>
 +
      <td >0.144</td>
 +
      <td >25</td>
 +
      <td >0.1495</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#6</td>
 +
      <td >0.138</td>
 +
      <td >40</td>
 +
      <td >33</td>
 +
      <td >0.113</td>
 +
      <td >27</td>
 +
      <td >0.144</td>
 +
      <td >25</td>
 +
      <td >0.1495</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#8</td>
 +
      <td >0.164</td>
 +
      <td >32</td>
 +
      <td >29</td>
 +
      <td >0.136</td>
 +
      <td >18</td>
 +
      <td >0.1695</td>
 +
      <td >16</td>
 +
      <td >0.177</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#8</td>
 +
      <td >0.164</td>
 +
      <td >36</td>
 +
      <td >29</td>
 +
      <td >0.136</td>
 +
      <td >18</td>
 +
      <td >0.1695</td>
 +
      <td >16</td>
 +
      <td >0.177</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#10</td>
 +
      <td >0.19</td>
 +
      <td >24</td>
 +
      <td >25</td>
 +
      <td >0.1495</td>
 +
      <td >9</td>
 +
      <td >0.196</td>
 +
      <td >7</td>
 +
      <td >0.201</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#10</td>
 +
      <td >0.19</td>
 +
      <td >32</td>
 +
      <td >21</td>
 +
      <td >0.159</td>
 +
      <td >9</td>
 +
      <td >0.196</td>
 +
      <td >7</td>
 +
      <td >0.201</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#12</td>
 +
      <td >0.216</td>
 +
      <td >24</td>
 +
      <td >16</td>
 +
      <td >0.177</td>
 +
      <td >2</td>
 +
      <td >0.221</td>
 +
      <td >I</td>
 +
      <td >0.228</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#12</td>
 +
      <td >0.216</td>
 +
      <td >28</td>
 +
      <td >14</td>
 +
      <td >0.182</td>
 +
      <td >2</td>
 +
      <td >0.221</td>
 +
      <td >I</td>
 +
      <td >0.228</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >#14</td>
 +
      <td >0.242</td>
 +
      <td >20</td>
 +
      <td >10</td>
 +
      <td >0.1935</td>
 +
      <td >D</td>
 +
      <td >0.246</td>
 +
      <td >F</td>
 +
      <td >0.257</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >#14</td>
 +
      <td >0.242</td>
 +
      <td >24</td>
 +
      <td >7</td>
 +
      <td >0.201</td>
 +
      <td >D</td>
 +
      <td >0.246</td>
 +
      <td >F</td>
 +
      <td >0.257</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >1/4</td>
 +
      <td >0.25</td>
 +
      <td >20</td>
 +
      <td >7</td>
 +
      <td >0.201</td>
 +
      <td >F</td>
 +
      <td >0.257</td>
 +
      <td >H</td>
 +
      <td >0.266</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >1/4</td>
 +
      <td >0.25</td>
 +
      <td >28</td>
 +
      <td >3</td>
 +
      <td >0.213</td>
 +
      <td >F</td>
 +
      <td >0.257</td>
 +
      <td >H</td>
 +
      <td >0.266</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >5/16</td>
 +
      <td >0.3125</td>
 +
      <td >18</td>
 +
      <td >F</td>
 +
      <td >0.257</td>
 +
      <td >P</td>
 +
      <td >0.323</td>
 +
      <td >Q</td>
 +
      <td >0.332</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >5/16</td>
 +
      <td >0.3125</td>
 +
      <td >24</td>
 +
      <td >I</td>
 +
      <td >0.272</td>
 +
      <td >P</td>
 +
      <td >0.323</td>
 +
      <td >Q</td>
 +
      <td >0.332</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >3/8</td>
 +
      <td >0.375</td>
 +
      <td >16</td>
 +
      <td >5/16</td>
 +
      <td >0.3125</td>
 +
      <td >W</td>
 +
      <td >0.386</td>
 +
      <td >X</td>
 +
      <td >0.397</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >3/8</td>
 +
      <td >0.375</td>
 +
      <td >24</td>
 +
      <td >Q</td>
 +
      <td >0.332</td>
 +
      <td >W</td>
 +
      <td >0.386</td>
 +
      <td >X</td>
 +
      <td >0.397</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >7/16</td>
 +
      <td >0.4375</td>
 +
      <td >14</td>
 +
      <td >U</td>
 +
      <td >0.368</td>
 +
      <td >29/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.4531</td>
 +
      <td >15/32</td>
 +
      <td >0.4687</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >7/16</td>
 +
      <td >0.4375</td>
 +
      <td >20</td>
 +
      <td >25/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.3906</td>
 +
      <td >29/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.4531</td>
 +
      <td >15/32</td>
 +
      <td >0.4687</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeee0">
 +
      <td >1/2</td>
 +
      <td >0.5</td>
 +
      <td >13</td>
 +
      <td >27/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.4219</td>
 +
      <td >33/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.5156</td>
 +
      <td >17/32</td>
 +
      <td >0.5312</td>
 +
     
 +
    </tr>   
 +
 
 +
    <tr align="center" bgcolor="eeeeee">
 +
      <td >1/2</td>
 +
      <td >0.5</td>
 +
      <td >20</td>
 +
      <td >29/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.4531</td>
 +
      <td >33/64</td>
 +
      <td >0.5156</td>
 +
      <td >17/32</td>
 +
      <td >0.5312</td> 
 +
    </tr>    </table>
 +
 +
 +
To determine the ideal drill size for approximately 75% thread on inch-sized (imperial) special pitch taps, use the following formula:
 +
 +
'''Drill size''' = (Major Diameter of the tap) minus (.975 divided by the number of Threads Per Inch)
 +
 +
For example, to find the ideal drill size needed for a 1/4-32 tap:
 +
 +
Drill size = (1/4") - (.975 / 32 tpi)
 +
Drill size = 0.250" - (.975 / 32)
 +
Drill size = 0.250" - 0.0305"
 +
Drill size = 0.2195"
 +
 +
Using a decimal chart to find the closest available drill sizes to our calculated ideal drill size of 0.2195", we'd select either a 7/32" or #2 drill size.
 +
 +
To determine the proper drill size for a '''metric''' tap, subtract the tap pitch from the tap diameter. For example: a 42mm x 1.5 tap uses a 40.5mm drill (42 minus 1.5 = 40.5).
 +
 +
==Torquing fasteners==
 +
;To properly torque a bolt/nut the following must be done<nowiki>:</nowiki>
 
*Make sure all threads are clean and is the right fastener for the part. Right thread pitch, length and diameter.   
 
*Make sure all threads are clean and is the right fastener for the part. Right thread pitch, length and diameter.   
 
*Lubricate the threads with a suitable lubricant, if necessary.
 
*Lubricate the threads with a suitable lubricant, if necessary.
Line 51: Line 510:
 
*Bolts of different sizes are torqued differently. Smaller diameter bolts are generally torqued in one step. Larger bolts are generally torqued in at least three stages. 1/3 of the torque spec, 2/3 of the torque, then full torque. For example, if cylinder head bolts are supposed to be torqued to 90 foot-lbs, then they would be torqued first to 30, then to 60, and finally to 90 ft/lb.
 
*Bolts of different sizes are torqued differently. Smaller diameter bolts are generally torqued in one step. Larger bolts are generally torqued in at least three stages. 1/3 of the torque spec, 2/3 of the torque, then full torque. For example, if cylinder head bolts are supposed to be torqued to 90 foot-lbs, then they would be torqued first to 30, then to 60, and finally to 90 ft/lb.
 
*Should you want or need to re-torque a fastener, you must first loosen it, then completely torque it.
 
*Should you want or need to re-torque a fastener, you must first loosen it, then completely torque it.
 +
 +
;More on torquing fasteners at '''[[Fastener torque]]'''.
  
 
===Tap drill size charts===
 
===Tap drill size charts===
 +
 
====US====
 
====US====
 
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" ><tr>
 
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" ><tr>
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   background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="125">
 
   background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="125">
 
                                           <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:"15.0pt";font-family:Arial;
 
                                           <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:15.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:"15.0pt";font-family:Arial;
−
   color:black">Bolt Size
+
   color:black">Bolt Size</span></b></p></td>
−
                                         
+
<td rowspan="3" style="width:49.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.5pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
−
                                          </span></b></p>
+
−
                                        </td>
+
−
                                        <td rowspan="3" style="width:49.75pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;
+
−
  border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.5pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
+
−
  mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
+
 
   background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="66">
 
   background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="66">
 
                                           <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
 
                                           <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:Arial;
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                                           </span></b></p>
 
                                           </span></b></p>
 
                                         </td>
 
                                         </td>
−
                                        <td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width:96.1pt;border-top:none;
+
<td colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="width:96.1pt;border-top:none;
 
   border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext 3.0pt;
 
   border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext 3.0pt;
 
   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
 
   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
 
   background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="128">
 
   background:white;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" width="128">
−
                                          <h1 align="center"><font color="#FF0000"><font face="Arial" size="3">'''Tap Drill Size'''</font>
+
<font color="#FF0000"><font face="Arial" size="3">'''Tap Drill Size'''</font>     </font><span style="color:black"> <font face="Arial" size="2"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center">'''(75% thread)'''</p></font></span>
−
                                          </font><span style="color:black"> <font face="Arial" size="2">'''(75% thread)'''</font></span></h1>
+
 
                                         </td>
 
                                         </td>
 
                                         <td colspan="4" style="width:192.2pt;border-top:none;
 
                                         <td colspan="4" style="width:192.2pt;border-top:none;
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   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 3.0pt;
 
   mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 3.0pt;
 
   background:#CCCCCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="256">
 
   background:#CCCCCC;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt" valign="top" width="256">
−
                                           <h1 align="center"><span style="color:black"><font face="Arial" size="2">'''Clearance Hole Drill Size'''</font></span></h1></td></tr>
+
                                           <span style="color:black" ><font face="Arial" size="2"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center">'''Clearance Hole Drill Size'''</p></font></span></td></tr>
 
<tr><td colspan="2" style="width:96.1pt;border-top:none;
 
<tr><td colspan="2" style="width:96.1pt;border-top:none;
 
   border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
 
   border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext .5pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.5pt;
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                                           <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><font face="Arial">1.0313                                           
 
                                           <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;color:black"><font face="Arial">1.0313                                           
 
                                           </font></span></p></table><br>
 
                                           </font></span></p></table><br>
 +
 
====Metric====
 
====Metric====
 
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
 
<table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0">
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<br>
 
<br>
  
−
{{develop1}} 
 
 
[[Category:Fasteners]]
 
[[Category:Fasteners]]
 
[[Category:Engine]]
 
[[Category:Engine]]
 
[[Category:General hotrodding]]
 
[[Category:General hotrodding]]
 
[[Category:Garage and shop]]
 
[[Category:Garage and shop]]

Latest revision as of 21:58, 31 October 2023

Retrieved from "https://www.crankshaftcoalition.com/wiki/index.php?title=Fastener_tech&oldid=3481219"
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