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| + | {{needspics}} |
| | | | |
| | + | ==Cheapo paint job== |
| | + | Paint is expensive, and learning how to paint your car takes practice, patience, and several screw-ups before you get it right. |
| | | | |
| | + | Faced with the financial obstacle and the learning curve, many hotrodders are tempted to opt for a "cheapo" paint job. The two biggest temptations in the "cheapo paint job" realm seem to be an inexpensive (and questionably professional) paint shop (ie: Maaco), or a cheaper, easier, and ostensibly more forgiving product line (ie: DupliColor). |
| | | | |
| | + | If you've put any amount of effort or money into building the mechanical aspects of your hot rod, you will most likely want to complete the project with a proper paint job. "Cheapo" solutions work fine for beaters and work trucks, but they aren't appropriate for non-Cheapo vehicles. |
| | | | |
| − | == Introduction ==
| + | As with most other aspects of constructing your car, when it comes to paint, you get what you pay for. Cheapo paint shops do low-quality work. Cheapo, "easy-to-use" products will never provide a quality, long-lasting finish of which you can be proud. |
| | | | |
| − | You finally get that project all welded, filled in, and primered, now you want to get a nice beautiful coat of paint on it to complete it. You say, "I havn't ever painted anything before with a REAL spray gun and paint!" You ask yourself, "How am I going to do this?", but you will find out in this article how to do it all yourself. You will learn basic techniques and how to use different paints and equipment.
| + | Nevertheless, many newcomers are still tempted to opt for the cheapo route, a path against which body shop professionals frequently advise. |
| | | | |
| − | == General Tips, Tricks, and Techniques ==
| + | For a full explanation of why, in most cases, a cheapo paint job is a bad idea (and, suggestions for when it's '''not''' a bad idea), see [[Cheapo paint job]]. |
| | | | |
| | + | ==General tips, tricks, and techniques== |
| | + | *See [[Body and exterior tips]] |
| | + | *See [[Health and safety in the shop or garage]] |
| | | | |
| − | '''Temperature, Temperature, Temperature...'''
| + | *A 12" aluminum ruler works great for ratios example: 4:1:1 = 4" :1" :1". Stir your paint with it and wipe it off so you can reuse it later, you can find them everywhere for $1. |
| | | | |
| − | Warm and dry conditions are ideal for spray painting the "sweet spot" ambient temperature for spraying is 50-100 degrees Farenheit, as aerosols don't always work best in the damp and colder temperatures hinder drying time, although it can be done. If it's not warm and dry outside, work in a well-ventilated garage, but set it up for painting.
| + | *Save your old reducer gallon cans and quart size hardener cans. With a pair of tin snips, cut the tops off (at the bead), and use them for mixing paint with a ruler -- but run some tape around the edge so you don't cut yourself. |
| | | | |
| | + | *When opening a can of paint, punch a few holes in the trough where the lid sits with a hammer and nail. That way, excess paint will drain out of the trough and into the can, rather than splattering when placing the lid back on the can. |
| | | | |
| − | '''How to make your own temporary paint booth'''
| + | *Buy a set of inexpensive spatulas to use as scrapers for paint cans. |
| | | | |
| − | Painting in a garage lessens the chance of bugs or dust ending up loged in your paint while it is still in its curing stage.
| + | *To preserve hardener, displace the air in the can with inert gas, such as the shield gas (CO2/argon, etc.) from a MIG welder. Or, use a commercial inert gas finish preservative such as [http://www.bloxygen.com/ Bloxygen]. |
| | + | {{Warning}}DO NOT use oxygen or acetylene from a torch! |
| | + | |
| | + | *For easier pouring, affix a 2-inch piece of masking tape to the edge of a large gallon of paint. Pour the paint over the piece of tape. |
| | + | |
| | + | *Use a ladle for handling paint. |
| | + | |
| | + | *When purchasing new paint or other finishing products, write the date on them with a black magic marker. |
| | + | |
| | + | *For stirring paint, use inexpensive "jumbo sticks", tongue depressors, Popsicle sticks, wood sticks, or butter knives. |
| | + | |
| | + | *Paint stirring sticks with marks for different mix ratios can be useful for mixing paint. |
| | | | |
| − | One way to turn your garage into a temporary paint booth is to get huge plastic dropclothes from you local hardware store or home improvement store. They are cheap and effective for protecting your tool boxes, "toys"(Atv's, bicycles, Motorcycles, etc.) from overspray.
| + | *When opening a gallon of paint that isn't all going to be used immediately, mix it very well and pour it off into quart cans. You can get empty quart cans from a local (private, not chain-store) paint shop for cheap or free. While pouring, intermix the paint; pour a little bit into each can at a time. |
| − | Open up your garage door about 1/8 to a 1/4 way up, this will help with ventilation, since solvents sink. Place a fan near the opening, facing outside, to help even more with airflow. Opening any side doors and roof vents helps lots too, Place another fan around here. (old box fans work best) Box fans can be found cheaply at second-hand stores.
| + | |
| − | Something that will help keep dust and bugs from coming into your garage is to buy a furnace filter the same size as the window (or build a frame for the filters to go over your door)that you have open, this will collect the dirt and bugs that want to invade what you are doing. If there are strict rules in your area, something that will help is to place a filter before your fan so that it filters the air as it is leaving your shop.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | '''Basic mixing tecniques'''
| + | *Leftover paint with hardener can be placed in the refrigerator. The cold temperature will slow down the hardener. You can even throw you spray gun in there if you find you need some supplies, and you are in the middle of painting. |
| | | | |
| − | Paint and related finishing products can be mixed in glass measuring cups, medicine cups, soup cans, or shot glasses. However, EZ Mix cups are generally preferred for ease of use. Containers with measurements on the side are generally most useful. Paper cups are cautioned against because some may have a wax coating. Similarly, plastic cups or containers (medicine cups, yogurt containers, cleaned bottle caps, etc.) are also cautioned against. There are many different kinds of plastic, some of which are inappropriate for storing certain types of finishing products.
| + | *It pays to completely blow off the whole car inside and out with compressed air before you begin painting. Wear eye protection and a respirator. |
| − | When mixing double portions of paint or primer, mix one portion at a time. For example,''''' 8:2:1''''' is easier to keep track of than '''''16:4:1'''''. Most, if not all, automotive paint has the correct ratio for the paint/thinner/hardener printed on the label, if not, consult your favoite bodyman for the best ratio to use on your paint.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | After mixing each individual portion, add the two portions together and mix well again. This also cuts down on wasted material when you make a mistake (too much hardener, wrong reducer, etc.).
| + | ==Temperature== |
| | + | Warm and dry conditions are ideal for spray painting. The ambient temperature range for spraying most modern paints is about 65-90 degrees Fahrenheit. Be sure to choose the hardeners and reducers for the temperature range you'll be working in. Aerosols don't always work best in the damp and colder temperatures, which can hinder drying time, although it can be done. If it's not warm and dry outside, work in a well-ventilated garage, but set it up for painting. |
| | | | |
| − | ''TOO HELP YOU ALONG THE WAY''
| + | Try to keep your gun straight, not angled to far up or too far down. Keep the gun about 5 to 6 inches from the surface the whole time, or you will have heavy painted surfaces and lightly painted surfaces. Practice spray technique on an old fender to determine proper gun adjustment, pass speed, and pass overlap. |
| | | | |
| − | GREAT TIP '''When opening a can of paint, punch a few holes in the trough where the lid sits. That way, excess paint will drain out of the trough and into the can, rather than splattering when placing the lid back on the can.'''
| + | ==Building a temporary paint booth== |
| − | -Buy a set of inexpensive spatulas to use as scrapers for paint cans.
| + | See: [[Building a paint booth]]. |
| | | | |
| − | -To preserve hardener, displace the air in the can with inert gas, such as the shield gas (CO2/argon, etc.) from a MIG welder (DO NOT USE O2 OR ACETALINE FROM A GAS WELDING UNIT). Or, use a commercial inert gas finish preservative such as Bloxygen.
| + | {{Warning}}Before painting, remove all sources of ignition, including turning off gas water heaters and any pilot lights. |
| − |
| + | |
| − | -For easier pouring, affix a 2-inch piece of masking tape to the edge of a large gallon of paint. Pour the paint over the piece of tape.
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | -Use a ladle for handling paint.
| + | Painting in a garage lessens the chance of bugs or dust ending up lodged in your paint while it is still in its curing stage. One way to turn your garage into a temporary paint booth is to buy large plastic drop cloths from you local hardware or home improvement store. They are a cheap and effective way to protect your tool boxes and "toys" from overspray. |
| | | | |
| − | -When purchasing new paint or other finishing products, write the date on them with black magic marker.
| + | A good rule of thumb for blower sizing is to try to change the air TWICE every minute. Hence, if you have a 10'x10'x10' paint booth (1000 cubic feet) you want a 2000 cfm blower (2000 cubic feet per minute). Open up your garage door about 1/8 to 1/4 up. This will help with ventilation, since solvents sink to the floor. Place a fan near the opening, facing outside, to help even more with airflow. Opening any side doors and roof vents and placing additional fans will help ventilation. Box fans may work, but at a minimum you should ensure that these fans are the brushless type to reduce the amount of sparking the exhaust stream will be exposed to to lessen the chance of an ignition. Remember, the fewer sparks the paint vapor "sees" the less likely you are to cause an explosion. |
| | | | |
| − | -For stirring paint, use inexpensive "jumbo sticks", tongue depressors, Popsicle sticks, wood sticks, or butter knives.
| + | An even better solution to box fans would be to use squirrel cage blowers, commonly found in HVAC and exhaust vent systems. Try to get the type where the motor is outside of the squirrel cage to reduce heating the exhaust stream. Place the squirrel cage blower motor outside of your "paint booth" and run ducting into (or out of) your paint booth. |
| | | | |
| − | GREAT TIP '''Paint stirring sticks with marks for different mix ratios can be useful for mixing paint.'''
| + | Something that will help keep dust and bugs from coming into your garage is to buy a furnace filter the same size as the window (or build a frame for the filters to go over your door) that you have open. This will collect the dirt and bugs before they become part of your paint job. If there are strict rules in your area, something that will help is to place a filter before your fan so that it filters the air as it is leaving your shop. |
| − |
| + | |
| − | When opening a gallon of paint that isn't all going to be used immediately, mix it very well and pour it off into quart cans. You can get empty quart cans from a local (private, not chain-store) paint shop for cheap or free. | + | ==Basic mixing techniques== |
| − | While pouring, intermix the paint; pour a little bit into each can at a time.
| + | Paint and related finishing products can be mixed in glass measuring cups, medicine cups, soup cans, or shot glasses. However, [http://www.ezmix.com/ E-Z Mix cups] are generally preferred for ease of use. Containers with measurements marked on the side are generally most useful. Paper cups are cautioned against because some may have a wax coating. Similarly, plastic cups or containers (medicine cups, yogurt containers, cleaned bottle caps, etc.) are also cautioned against. There are many different kinds of plastic, some of which are inappropriate for storing certain types of finishing products. |
| | + | |
| | + | When mixing double portions of paint or primer, mix one portion at a time. For example, 8:2:1 easier to keep track of than 16:4:2. Most, if not all, automotive paint has the correct ratio for the paint/thinner/hardener printed on the label. If not, consult your favorite painter or paint store counter person for the correct ratio to use on your paint. |
| | + | |
| | + | After mixing each individual portion, add the two portions together and mix well again. This also cuts down on wasted material if you make a mistake (too much hardener, wrong reducer, etc.). |
| | + | |
| | + | ==Proper paint clothing== |
| | + | ===Suits=== |
| | + | When painting, it is always a good idea to wear some kind of protective clothing. It not only helps keep you from contacting the toxic materials but it also will help keep unwanted materials from getting on your paint job. The first and most important is a respirator made for '''automotive''' refinishing. There are a lot of companies that sell these. Get a paint suit or use a lint free pair of coveralls. Tyvek suits are available at many hardware stores for around $10. |
| | + | |
| | + | ===Gloves=== |
| | + | The next thing is a pair of gloves. Nitrile gloves hold up well to chemicals (see: [[Hand cleaner]]). Additionally, nitrile gloves will block the toxic isocyanates found in the activators of many 2k paints; latex will not block these chemicals. Do not use a set of rubber gloves as they are too clumsy and you need the motion that you get from the latex style gloves. |
| | + | |
| | + | ===Head cover=== |
| | + | Get some kind of lint free head cover, this keeps your hair on your head and not on the job you are working on. You can also use a foot cover, which looks like a sock for your shoes. |
| | + | |
| | + | ===Paint mask=== |
| | + | The most important item that you need is a paint mask. You can get by with out the other items (with extra buffing when you are done) but the paint mask is the most important. |
| | + | |
| | + | Before entering the area that you are refinishing your project in take a air nozzle and blow yourself off. This will get rid of any extra surprises that will fall into your job |
| | + | |
| | + | ==Health and Safety== |
| | + | Painting materials can do major harm to your health if you do not closely follow the manufacturers recommendations for skin and lung protection. |
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| | + | Auto paints can contain many dangerous chemicals. It is important to protect yourself properly. |
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| | + | A respirator or fresh air system should be worn at all times when you are working with paints. Even when mixing your paint and getting ready. |
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| | + | More at [[Health and safety in the shop or garage]]. |
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| | + | ==Spray gun tech== |
| | + | With a spray gun, you get what you pay for! |
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| | + | HVLP (High Volume Low Pressure) is the way to go when buying a spray gun although LVLP (Low Volume Low Pressure) can work acceptably with the right paint. The prices have come down to reasonable levels, and the wasted paint by overspray (not to mention the mess) makes a siphon-feed unit a poor choice for the home hobby sprayer. |
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| − | GREAT TIP '''Leftover paint with hardener can be placed in the refrigerator. The cold temperature will slow down the hardener., you can even throw you spray gun in there if you find you need some supplies, and you are in the middle of painting!'''
| + | Remember that high-solid primers like high-build type 2K urethanes require a larger (1.7mm) tip and setup internally than a regular paint gun. Three gun sets are available for as little as $100 that include a primer gun with the larger tip, a paint/clear gun, and a 1.0mm tipped touch-up gun. Cutting (wet sanding) and buffing make up for a lot of shortcomings in inexpensive HVLP guns. So determining which is more valuable, your money or your time, is a determining factor in choosing a paint gun. A cheaper gun will require more time spent cutting and buffing than a top-of-the-line gun that lays paint out more evenly, but at an added price of several hundred dollars. A budget gun can be had for under $30, whereas a SATA 3000 digital runs around $650. You decide which is more important. A decent middle of the road option is a Finex 1000, 2000, 3000 series by Sharpe. The 1000 model is a small touch up gun, the 2000 a panel sized gun and the 3000 big enough for a complete vehicle. As of the year 2020, they run between $150-250 depending on size and where you buy. They have a pretty wide selection of tips/cones for spraying various viscosity coatings. Of course there are other brand name of spray guns and most have an economy line. One important tip! Any activated primer or paint WILL solidify in your gun if you don't clean it out within a certain amount of time. |
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| − | ==Proper Paint Clothing== | + | ==Choosing the right type of paint== |
| − | When painting it is always a good idea to wear some kind of protective clothing it not only helps keep you from contacting the toxic materials but it also will help keep unwanted materials from getting on your paint job. The first and most important is a paint mask made for '''automotive''' refinishing there are a lot of companies that sell these. Get a paint suit or use a lint free pair of coveralls. The next thing is a pair of gloves, latex style; I have found that the nitrle gloves hold up better to the chemicals. Do not use a set of rubber gloves they are too clumsy and you need the motion that you get from the latex style gloves. Get some kind of lint free head cover, this keeps your hair on your head and not on the job you are working on. They also recommend a foot cover (which I never used) but they look like a sock for your shoes.
| + | If unsure, you can ask other car builders that have done their own paint work, or if you know a painter, ask them. Best of all is to consult with the paint salesperson when you go to buy paint. They are a wealth of information. Utilize them. That's what they are there for. |
| − | There are many different companies that these items can be purchased, local stores and Internet. The most important item that you need is a paint mask. You can get buy with out the other items (with extra buffing when you are done) but the '''paint mask''' is the most important.
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| − | Before entering the area that you are refinishing your project in take a air nozzle and blow yourself off. This will get rid of any extra surprises that will fall into your job
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| − | == Spray gun Tech == | + | ===Single stage:=== |
| − | With any spray gun, you get what you pay for! Its best to rent one if your not going to do several cars.
| + | One stage, no clear coat. For people looking for a budget paint job. Not as glossy or durable as a 2 stage, although it easily oxidize or fade, it can easily be buffed out. |
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| − | == Choosing the right type of paint ==
| + | *Synthetic enamel: dries naturally and leaves a glossy finish. Two parts- paint and reducer. |
| − | Depends on your own skills and experiences , because each type of paint , has got it's own benefits .
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| − | Whatever it is , you can always follow the instructions given on the paint container , or best of all is to consult with the paint seller .
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| − | ==Brian Martin's, "Moving the Dry Spot" technique==
| + | *Acrylic enamel: just like synthetic, but with a hardener or catalyst. Cures within hours and a little more durable than synthetic enamel. |
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| − | To prevent having a drier area at each of the seams, it is advised to "move the dry spot around". This technique is especially useful for fast-drying finishes, or for paint jobs with many coats of color. However, it can also be used for primers, sealers, colors and clears, urethanes, epoxies, and enamels. For more information, see Brian Martin's article in this Hotrodders Bulletin Board forum discussion: [http://hotrodders.com/forum/tip-day-30-a-74674.html Tip of the Day #30].
| + | *Acrylic urethane: the most durable single stage paint. It has more UV and chip resistant over the enamel paint. |
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| − | == How to mix and spray Laquer == | + | ===Two stage:=== |
| | + | *Base coat/clear coat :modern paint,the most durable of all. Gives the best gloss and longevity. But once the clear coat is gone you will need new paint job. |
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| − | Lacquer has been used for many years in the hobby,
| + | ===Three stage:=== |
| | + | Base coat, then pearl, candy or metallic, then a clear coat. (A candy coat has quite a bit of clear mixed in so that when you spray it, you don't completely cover the base color but instead, tint it) |
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| − | There were and still are alot of good looking lacquer paint jobs out there. One of the pros is that it dries extremely hard with a quick drying time.
| + | ==Two main types of all automotive paint colors== |
| − | You WILL NEED to sand and buff the whole project to get a smooth, shinny finish. If somebody is helping you spray it, they can know that modern laquers will basically spray the same as the old laquers. If you spray laquer clear; the clear coat, (as long as it is a quality product) will be easier to control.
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| − | You will need about a gallon to a gallon and a half of paint and about two to three gallons of thinner for a car or truck.
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| − | == How to mix and spray Acrylic Enamel == | + | ===Solid paint=== |
| − | When spraying acrylic enamel or any paint for that matter '''always read the can'''. Acrylic enamel is a strong paint that is used a lot in the fleet industry.
| + | Solid colors are a little easier than metallic to paint. If you mess up and get a run in them, they can be fixed rather easily by color sanding and buffing. |
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| − | The start of any good paint job not including bodywork is a good sealer. They now have sealers that are color tint able in a urethane, which will take enamel topcoats if the directions are followed. The color tint able sealers help in coverage and if you do get one of those horrible rock chips they do not show nearly as bad. When starting the sealing processes it is always a good idea to use an epoxy or acid etch primer. The acid etch primer will hold out to rust a lot better then an epoxy does (i.e. I used it on the bare metal of my 70 nova did not spray the car for almost six months with only the acid etch on the car and I did not even get any facial rust, that came through, I have not had that good of an experience with epoxy sprayed it on my Buick and facial rust came through in a month).
| + | ===Metallic paint=== |
| | + | Spraying metallic is a little different then spraying a solid color; they can easily mottle (have blotches of dark and light areas) and/or "tiger stripe" if sprayed incorrectly. The key to spraying metallic paint is to [http://www.hotrodders.com/forum/tip-day-30-a-74674.html move the "dry spot" around]. For example, spray one coat one direction, then the next coat in the direction 90 degrees to the first coat. Overlapping the coats up to 75% is another key to good metallic finishes. Yet another way is to do two wet coats, followed by a mist coat at just the right time. The mist coat will melt slowly into the wet coats yet leave an even metallic pattern. Most of this applies to a single stage metallic paint job. The base coat/clear coat systems are much more forgiving with metallics. |
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| − | The solid colors can be shot using the '''directions on the can'''. Use the hardener specific to the temp that you are going to be shooting the paint in. If you feel comfortable spraying use a hardener that is for a hotter temp, this will help the paint to flow out better. But if you are not comfortable spraying it will flow all the way to the floor. Something that I was taught was to use water and spray it on a vertical panel when you can spray the water on the panel with out running the water you are getting more comfortable (when spraying it always make sure that it is even overlapping each time so that you do not get dry spots).
| + | Remember, anytime that the paint moves the metallic does as well, so if they run you will get the metallic all in one spot. With metallic, always use the suggested reducers and mix the entire batch to be sprayed at the same time. DO NOT play mad scientist/chemist. ''Follow the instructions to the letter''. The engineers at the paint companies spend millions on R&D, so they are already sure of the results you will get by mixing the product any given way. Do not re-invent the wheel. |
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| − | Spraying metallic is a little different then spraying a solid color, they will model, and tiger strip and do all kinds of unwanted things. Remember anytime that the paint moves the metallic do as well so if they run you will get the metallic all in one spot and this does not look good. With metallic always use the suggested temp range unlike the solid colors. When finished reduce the paint that you are using 1:1 with a reducer that is specified for the paint. This helps to set the metallic so that you do not get modeling and tiger stripes.
| + | ==Tips== |
| | + | *Always follow the manufacturers' recommendations for every product that you use. This usually means thoroughly reading the associated tech sheets, which are typically available for download from the manufacturer's website. For further detail, see [http://www.hotrodders.com/forum/rules-rules-rules-editorial-165210.html ''Rules, Rules, Rules'', an editorial post by MARTINSR on the Hotrodders Bulletin Board]. |
| | + | *Never soda blast unless you know how to completely remove the residue, and fully understand the complexities associated with soda blasting. See: [[Soda blasting]]. |
| | + | *A common problem with a first time painter is Orange Peel. To remove orange peel or minor cosmetic blemishes it is first recommended that you have your paint covered with a clear coat not only to protect it, but to enable you to have a mirror like finish. Wet-Sanding with 1500, and then 2000 grit to keep a very smooth finish. With a buffer and compound you can go as high as 4000 grit because of the way the liquid compound and buffer work. |
| | + | *After you Buff, you have the option of getting a swirl remover (liquid) and waffle foam pad. These 2 items together will help you get rid of the buff swirls, and leave your paint in brand new condition as if it just came off of the showroom floor. |
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| − | The best thing that you can do is to '''read the back of the can''' this will tell you the times that are needed in-between coats, dry times and the maximum amount of time between coats. If these are not followed you will get solvent popping and in the long run the potential for pealing paint. If you would like even more durability they also have clear coats for enamels. For the cost enamels are a good paint but the urethanes are a better product, they are starting to get affordable urethane paints now so do not rule them out.
| + | ===Forums=== |
| | + | *[http://autobody101.com/forums/ Autobody101.com forums] |
| | + | *[http://www.autobodyonline.com/discussion/ Autobodyonline.com forums] |
| | + | *[http://autobodystore.com/forum/index.php Autobodystore forums] |
| | + | *[http://www.hotrodders.com/forum/body-exterior Hotrodders.com body and exterior forum] |
| | + | *[http://spi.forumup.org SPI Users forum] |
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| − | == How to mix and spray Urethane Enamel == | + | ===Videos=== |
| | + | *[http://commerce03.i2net.com/able55new/stores/10/Huntington-Beach-Bodyworks-56-Metal-to-Paint-P14876C596.aspx Huntington Beach Bodyworks 56' Metal to Paint] |
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| − | == How to mix and spray Waterbased paints == | + | ==References== |
| | + | *http://www.hotrodders.com/forum/metal-prep-epoxy-primer-no-so-fast-164937.html |
| | + | *http://spi.forumup.org/about2379-0-asc-0-spi.html (lots of tips here, needs to be incorporated into article) |
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| − | == Paint Defects and Flaws == | + | ==Resources== |
| | + | *[[Building a paint booth]] |
| | + | *[[Cheapo paint job]] |
| | + | *[[Body and exterior tips]] |
| | + | *[[Health and safety in the shop or garage]] |
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| − | == How to finish off you paint job (Buffing) ==
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| − | Buffing is a whole 'nother technique which you do when painting your car, it will be discussed in detail in its own article: [[Buffing your newly-finished paint]]
| + | [[Category:Body and exterior]] |
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