Wheel bolt pattern
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==Measuring bolt pattern or bolt circle== | ==Measuring bolt pattern or bolt circle== | ||
| − | + | Pitch circle diameter (PCD) or bolt circle diameter, means the diameter of an imaginary circle that goes through the center of each of the wheel stud bolt holes on a wheel. The wheel stud bolts are fixed to either the brake drum or the disc brake rotor and protrude through the wheel when it is mounted to the drum or rotor (there are a few vehicles that use wheel bolts instead of fixed studs and lug nuts, old MOPAR and VW are two. | |
| − | Pitch circle diameter (PCD) or bolt circle diameter, means the diameter of an imaginary circle that goes through the center of each of the wheel stud bolt holes on a wheel. The wheel stud bolts are fixed to either the brake drum or the disc brake rotor and protrude through the wheel when it is mounted to the drum or rotor (there are a few vehicles that use wheel bolts instead of fixed studs and lug nuts, old | + | |
The PCD can be expressed in mm or inches. The PCD can be found on any 5 lug wheel by measuring from the center of the wheel (the axle hole), to the center of one of the wheel stud holes, and then multiplying that measurement by two. This is difficult on the 5 hole wheel because it is hard to judge the exact center of the large axle hole in the wheel. | The PCD can be expressed in mm or inches. The PCD can be found on any 5 lug wheel by measuring from the center of the wheel (the axle hole), to the center of one of the wheel stud holes, and then multiplying that measurement by two. This is difficult on the 5 hole wheel because it is hard to judge the exact center of the large axle hole in the wheel. | ||
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On a 4 lug wheel, determine the PCD by measuring across the center of the wheel, from the center of one lug bolt hole to the center of the opposite lug bolt hole. | On a 4 lug wheel, determine the PCD by measuring across the center of the wheel, from the center of one lug bolt hole to the center of the opposite lug bolt hole. | ||
| − | If you were to see an advertisement for wheels that read: "'''5 | + | If you were to see an advertisement for wheels that read: "'''5 x 4.75'''" OR "'''5 on 5'''", it would mean the wheels have 5 holes arranged in a 4.75 inch diameter pattern. This pattern could also be expressed as '''5 on 120.65 mm'''. |
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Typically, a wheel bolt hole measuring tool would be the most accurate to measure with but an ordinary tape measure either in inches or mm will get you by. Just remember the two ways of measuring as detailed above. Four bolts are usually measured across from bolt hole center to bolt hole center. Five bolt holes as stated above. Six or eight bolt patterns are usually wheel center to bolt hole center times two. | Typically, a wheel bolt hole measuring tool would be the most accurate to measure with but an ordinary tape measure either in inches or mm will get you by. Just remember the two ways of measuring as detailed above. Four bolts are usually measured across from bolt hole center to bolt hole center. Five bolt holes as stated above. Six or eight bolt patterns are usually wheel center to bolt hole center times two. | ||
| − | + | ==Other wheel dimensions== | |
| + | Besides just the bolt pattern, to use a wheel from a different vehicle on your vehicle requires it to be measured for offset/backspacing to be sure the wheel will clear the suspension components. Changing the offset, even if it clears everything, can change the steering geometry, so make changes with this in mind. | ||
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| + | Besides offset, there are other things that come into play, like the centerbore of the wheel and the brake component clearance. | ||
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| + | [[File:Wheel-offset-backspace.gif|right]] | ||
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| + | ===Backspacing=== | ||
| + | This is the distance from the inside edge (edge closest to the vehicle if mounted) of the wheel to the wheel's mounting surface. | ||
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| + | ===Offset=== | ||
| + | Offset is the distance between the centerline of a wheel and the plane of the surface of the wheel that mounts to the vehicle. This will vary greatly depending on the application and whether the vehicle is front wheel drive or rear wheel drive. | ||
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| + | "Deep dish" wheels are negative offset wheels. If taken to extremes this can cause undue stress on axles/spindles and bearings. Using an extreme amount of negative or positive offset is not a fix for an axle of the wrong width, despite the fact that the wheels fit under the fenders, etc. | ||
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| + | ====Figuring offset==== | ||
| + | ;Back spacing - Centerline = Offset | ||
| + | First, measure the overall width of the wheel at its widest point. Next, divide that width by two; this will give you the '''centerline''' of the wheel. | ||
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| + | After determining the centerline, subtract the centerline from the backspacing to get the wheel offset. | ||
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| + | ===Centerbore=== | ||
| + | The centerbore of a wheel is the size of the center hole in the wheel. This hole often is used to center the wheel on the hub or axle. This takes some of the load from the lugs/lug nuts as well. If the wheels centerbore is less than the hub or axle centerbore, the wheel will not fit despite the bolt pattern being correct. If the wheel centerbore is larger, the wheel might not be as well supported as it should. | ||
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| + | ===Brake clearance=== | ||
| + | The inside diameter of the back side of the wheel must be able to accommodate the brakes, whether they be disc or drum. | ||
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| + | ==Common bolt patterns in inches and metric== | ||
| − | + | ;Inch - Metric | |
| − | 4 x 3.93 - 4 x 100 | + | 4 x 3.93 - 4 x 100 |
| − | 4 x 4.25 - 4 x 107.95 | + | 4 x 4.25 - 4 x 107.95 |
| − | 4 x 4.33 - 4 x 110 | + | 4 x 4.33 - 4 x 110 |
| − | 4 x 4.50 - 4 x 114.3 | + | 4 x 4.50 - 4 x 114.3 |
| − | 4 x 5.12 - 4 x 130 | + | 4 x 5.12 - 4 x 130 |
| − | 4 x 5.51 - 4 x 140 | + | 4 x 5.51 - 4 x 140 |
| − | 5 x 4.00 - 5 x 100 | + | 5 x 4.00 - 5 x 100 |
| − | 5 x 4.25 - 5 x 107.95 | + | 5 x 4.25 - 5 x 107.95 |
| − | 5 x 4.50 - 5 x 114.3 | + | 5 x 4.50 - 5 x 114.3 |
| − | 5 x 4.53 - 5 x 115 | + | 5 x 4.53 - 5 x 115 |
| − | 5 x 4.72 - 5 x 120 | + | 5 x 4.72 - 5 x 120 |
| − | 5 x 4.75 - 5 x 120.65 | + | 5 x 4.75 - 5 x 120.65 |
| + | <br><br> | ||
| − | ==Wheel | + | ==Wheel patterns of various automobiles== |
<table table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" > | <table table border="1" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" > | ||
<tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td colspan="4" id="4lug"><b>4 Lug</b></td></tr> | <tr align="center" bgcolor="#CCCCFF"><td colspan="4" id="4lug"><b>4 Lug</b></td></tr> | ||
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<tr><td>Mazda</td><td>Pickup</td><td>1972-'84</td></tr> | <tr><td>Mazda</td><td>Pickup</td><td>1972-'84</td></tr> | ||
<tr><td>Nissan/Datsun</td><td>Pickup, Pathfinder</td><td>1967-'89</td></tr> | <tr><td>Nissan/Datsun</td><td>Pickup, Pathfinder</td><td>1967-'89</td></tr> | ||
| − | <tr><td>Toyota</td><td>SR5, 4-Runner, Land Cruiser, 4WD Hilux</td><td>1969-'85 (some to 1989)</td></tr></table> | + | <tr><td>Toyota</td><td>SR5, 4-Runner, Land Cruiser, 4WD Hilux</td><td>1969-'85 (some to 1989)</td></tr></table><br><br> |
===6 Bolt Wheels=== | ===6 Bolt Wheels=== | ||
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